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Independence & Integration

India · 1948Gandhi assassinated (30 Jan); Hyderabad integrated; the Constitution drafted

Mahatma Gandhi was assassinated on 30 January, scarring the new nation. India integrated Hyderabad through Operation Polo and confirmed Junagadh's accession by plebiscite, referred the Jammu and Kashmir dispute to the UN, and laid foundations through the Draft Constitution, the 1948 Industrial Policy Resolution and the Atomic Energy Commission.

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Key figures

Jawaharlal Nehru — Prime Minister, steering foreign policy, economic planning and the early Union government.Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel — Deputy PM and Home Minister; architect of princely-state integration, including Hyderabad's iMahatma Gandhi — assassinated on 30 January 1948; his death reshaped the political atmosphere.Dr. B.R. Ambedkar — Chairman of the Drafting Committee and Law Minister associated with the Hindu Code Bill.C. Rajagopalachari — first and only Indian Governor-General, from 21 June 1948.Homi J. Bhabha — first Chairman of the Atomic Energy Commission.

UPSC / State PCS — Exam focus

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