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India · 2019मोदी का दूसरा जनादेश और जम्मू-कश्मीर में अनुच्छेद 370 की समाप्ति

मजबूत बहुमत के साथ फिर से चुनी गई एनडीए (NDA) सरकार ने अनुच्छेद 370 के तहत जम्मू-कश्मीर के विशेष दर्जे को समाप्त कर दिया और राज्य को दो केंद्र शासित प्रदेशों में पुनर्गठित किया, नागरिकता (संशोधन) अधिनियम लागू किया और त्वरित तीन तलाक (तलाक-ए-बिद्दत) को अपराध घोषित किया। सर्वोच्च न्यायालय ने अपना अयोध्या फैसला सुनाया, जबकि चंद्रमा के पास चंद्रयान-2 के विक्रम लैंडर से संपर्क टूट गया।

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Polity & Governanceराजव्यवस्था और शासन

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प्रमुख व्यक्तित्व

Narendra Modi — Prime Minister, re-elected for a second term in 2019.Amit Shah — Union Home Minister who piloted the Article 370 changes and the CAA.Nirmala Sitharaman — first full-time woman Finance Minister; presented the July 2019 Budget.Ranjan Gogoi — Chief Justice of India who headed the Ayodhya bench; succeeded by S.A. Bobde in November 2019.K. Sivan — ISRO Chairman during Chandrayaan-2.Abhijit Banerjee — 2019 Nobel laureate in Economic Sciences.

UPSC / राज्य PCS — परीक्षा फोकस

2019 के विधेयक और अधिनियम

From our live BillTracker — real legislation recorded for 2019.

Jammu and Kashmir Reorganisation Act, 2019Enacted

Reorganises the state of Jammu and Kashmir into two Union Territories — J&K (with a legislature) and Ladakh — alongside the dilution of Article 370.

Why it matters: Major federal-restructuring event; high-yield for Polity (Article 370, UTs) and Security/IR.

Citizenship (Amendment) Act, 2019Enacted

Fast-tracks citizenship for non-Muslim migrants from Pakistan, Bangladesh and Afghanistan who entered India on or before 31 December 2014.

Why it matters: One of the most debated laws of the decade; key for Polity (citizenship, secularism) and current affairs.

Code on Wages, 2019Enacted

The first of four labour codes, it merges four wage laws and creates a universal national floor wage across organised and unorganised sectors.

Why it matters: Part of the labour-codes reform; key for Economy (labour market) and Governance (ease of compliance).

Consumer Protection Act, 2019Enacted

Replaces the 1986 Act, adding protection for e-commerce consumers, product liability and a central regulator (CCPA).

Why it matters: Modernises consumer law for the digital economy; relevant for Economy and Governance.

Muslim Women (Protection of Rights on Marriage) Act, 2019Enacted

Makes the practice of instant triple talaq (talaq-e-biddat) a void and punishable offence, following the Shayara Bano judgment.

Why it matters: Legislative follow-through to a landmark verdict; relevant for Social Justice, gender and personal-law reform.

Constitution (One Hundred and Third Amendment) Act, 2019Enacted

Enables up to 10% reservation for the Economically Weaker Sections (EWS) in education and public employment.

Why it matters: First economic-criterion reservation; high-yield Polity (reservation, basic structure, 50% ceiling debate).

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Researched by a multi-model AI editorial board and cross-checked against sources; Bills are real records from BillTracker. This is a study aid, not a substitute for primary sources. Spotted an error? Tell us.