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Reforms, Rights & Growth

India · 2005Rights-based laws (RTI, NREGA) and the India-US civil nuclear opening

Under PM Manmohan Singh, UPA-I enacted rights-based laws including the Right to Information Act and the National Rural Employment Guarantee Act. The 18 July India-US civil nuclear Joint Statement reset a major strand of foreign policy, while the Mumbai floods and the Kashmir earthquake highlighted the need for the Disaster Management Act, 2005.

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Polity & Governanceराजव्यवस्था एवं शासन

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Key figures

Manmohan Singh — Prime Minister; led UPA-I's rights-based agenda and opened civil nuclear talks with the US.A.P.J. Abdul Kalam — President of India.Sonia Gandhi — UPA chairperson and head of the National Advisory Council, associated with the rights-based legislative aP. Chidambaram — Finance Minister; oversaw the Union government's fiscal policy during the VAT rollout and SEZ legislatiNitish Kumar — became Chief Minister of Bihar in November 2005, ending 15 years of Lalu Prasad and Rabri Devi-led rule.Y.K. Sabharwal — sworn in as Chief Justice of India on 1 November 2005.

UPSC / State PCS — Exam focus

Bills & Acts of 2005

From our live BillTracker — real legislation recorded for 2005.

Constitution (Ninety-Third Amendment) Act, 2005Enacted

Inserts Article 15(5) to enable reservation for SC, ST and OBC students in educational institutions, including private unaided ones.

Why it matters: Basis of OBC reservation in higher education; core Polity topic (fundamental rights, reservation jurisprudence).

Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act, 2005Enacted

Guarantees 100 days of wage employment a year to every rural household whose adults volunteer for unskilled manual work.

Why it matters: Flagship rights-based welfare law; core for Economy (rural livelihoods) and Social Justice (GS-2/GS-3).

Protection of Women from Domestic Violence Act, 2005Enacted

First civil law to define and protect women against domestic violence, covering physical, sexual, verbal and economic abuse.

Why it matters: Landmark for Social Justice and women’s rights; useful for GS-1 (society) and GS-2 (vulnerable sections).

Right to Information Act, 2005Enacted

Gives every citizen the right to seek information from public authorities, making the government answerable and transparent.

Why it matters: Cornerstone transparency law; high-yield for Polity (RTI, accountability) and Governance answer-writing.

Special Economic Zones Act, 2005Enacted

Creates a legal framework for Special Economic Zones — duty-free enclaves to boost exports, investment and employment.

Why it matters: Key for Economy (trade, exports, EXIM policy) and the SEZ-vs-land-acquisition debate.

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Researched by a multi-model AI editorial board and cross-checked against sources; Bills are real records from BillTracker. This is a study aid, not a substitute for primary sources. Spotted an error? Tell us.